Chemistry GK Questions | Objective GK Questions for Competitive Exams – Chemistry GK

Chemistry GK Questions | Objective GK Questions for Competitive Exams – Chemistry GK

Chemistry GK Questions: All the important question-answers related to Chemistry subject for various competitive exams in India.

What is Chemistry?

• When you hear the word ‘chemistry,’ there are likely certain images that come to mind – molecules, test tubes, the periodic table, maybe even some cool explosions in a movie.
• But chemistry is so much more than these things! In fact, chemistry is known as the central science because it touches all other natural sciences, like biology, physics, geology, and more.
• Chemistry is a physical science, and it is the study of the properties of and interactions between matter and energy.
• In other words, chemistry is a way to study the properties, characteristics, and physical and chemical changes of matter.
• The matter is pretty important because it’s anything that has mass and takes up space – basically, all of the ‘stuff that makes up our world.
• Chemists study atoms, which are the basic building blocks of matter, as well as interactions between atoms.

Branches of Chemistry

Chemistry exists whether we define it or not. And because an understanding of chemistry is so vital in so many other scientific fields, there are several different branches of chemistry that exist. In fact, chemistry is often studied so that scientists can better understand their own field.

There are five main branches of chemistry, each of which has many areas of study:

Analytical chemistry

• Analytical chemistry uses qualitative and quantitative observation to identify and measure the physical and chemical properties of substances. In a sense, all chemistry is analytical.

Physical chemistry

• The Physical chemistry combines chemistry with physics.
• Physical chemists study how matter and energy interact.
• Thermodynamics and quantum mechanics are two of the important branches of physical chemistry.

Organic chemistry

• Organic chemistry specifically studies compounds that contain the element carbon.
• Carbon has many unique properties that allow it to form complex chemical bonds and very large molecules.
• Organic chemistry is known as the “Chemistry of Life” because all of the molecules that make up living tissue have carbon as part of their makeup.

Inorganic chemistry

• Inorganic chemistry studies materials such as metals and gases that do not have carbon as part of their makeup.

Biochemistry

• Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Periodic Table: Objective GK Questions for Competitive Exams

General Configuration of elements

s Block elements

• s-block elements included the elements of group 1 and group 2 of the periodic table.
• s block elements are metals.
• The elements of group I & II receive their last electron in s-orbital. So they are called as s – block elements.
• Most s-block elements are highly reactive metals due to the ease with which their outer s-orbital electrons interact to form compounds
• The metals Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs) and francium (Fr) which have one electron in their outermost shell belongs to group I.

• They are called alkali metals as they react with water to form hydroxides which are strong bases or alkalies.
• Hydrogen is highly chemically reactive, like the other s-block elements, but helium is a virtually unreactive noble gas.

p Block elements

• The p – block elements include the elements of group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18.
• p block elements are mainly non-metals.
• p-block metals have classic metal characteristics: they are shiny, they are good conductors of heat and electricity, and they lose electrons easily.

• Of the p-block metals, several have fascinating properties.
• Gallium, in the 3rd row of column 13, is a metal that can melt in the palm of a hand.
• Tin, in the fourth row of column 14, is an abundant, flexible, and extremely useful metal.

d block elements

• The d-block is in the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12.
• These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show transitivity in their properties.

• The d-block elements are all metals that exhibit two or more ways of forming chemical bonds.
• The d-orbitals can contain up to five pairs of electrons.
• d-orbitals can contain up to five pairs of electrons.

f block elements

• The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables.
• These elements are not generally considered as part of any group.
• They are often called inner transition metals because they provide a transition between the s-block and d-block in the 6th and 7th row.

• The known f-block elements come in two series, the lanthanides of period 6 and the radioactive actinides of period 7.
• The f-orbitals can contain up to seven pairs of electrons.

g block elements

• The g-block is a hypothetical block of elements in the extended periodic table.
• The outermost electrons are posited to have one or more g-orbital electrons.
• The elements do not have f-, d- or p-orbital electrons.

Important Chemistry Chemical name and Formula: Chemistry GK Questions

Chemical name	Chemical formula	Common name
Acetic acid	CH3COOH + H2O	5% Solution: White vinegar
Acetone	CH3COCH3	Acetone
Acetylsalicylic acid	C9H8O4	Aspirin
Aluminum hydroxide	Al(OH)3	alumina hydrate
Ammonium bi-fluoride	NH4HF2	Ammonium hydrogen fluoride
Ammonium bromide	NH4Br	—
Ammonium phosphate	(NH4)3PO4	Fertilizer
Ammonium sulfate	(NH4)2SO4	—
Amylose	(C6H9O5)n	Cornstarch
Ascorbic acid	C6H8O6	Vitamin C
barium sulfate	BaSO4	Lithopone
bismuth subsalicylate	C7H5BiO4	Pepto-Bismol
boric acid	H3BO3	Ant/Roach Killer, boracic acid
bromthymol blue	C27H28Br2O5S	pH Test
butane	C4H10	Butane
caffeine	C8H10N4O2	No-Doz
calcium carbonate	CaCO3	Limestone, Carbonate of Lime
calcium chloride	CaCl2	Laundry Aid/Road Salt/De-Icer
calcium hydroxide	Ca(OH)2	Slaked Lime, garden lime
calcium hypochlorite	Ca(ClO)2	—
calcium sulphate, hemihydrate	CaSO4·1/2H20	Plaster of Paris

Types of Bonds: Chemistry GK Questions

They are 4 types of Bonds

• Ionic Bond
• Covalent Bond
• Polar Bond
• Hydrogen Bond

Ionic Bond

• Ionic bonding involves a transfer of an electron, so one atom gains an electron while one atom loses an electron.
• One of the resulting ions carries a negative charge (anion), and the other ion carries a positive charge (cation).
• Because opposite charges attract, the atoms bond together to form a molecule.

Covalent Bond

• The most common bond in organic molecules, a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
• The pair of shared electrons form a new orbit that extends around the nuclei of both atoms, producing a molecule.
• here are two secondary types of covalent bonds that are relevant to biology known as polar bonds and hydrogen bonds.

Polar Bond

• Polar bond forms when two atoms connected by a covalent bond may exert different attractions for the electrons in the bond, producing an unevenly distributed charge.
• Water is an example of a polar molecule.

Hydrogen Bond

• Two adjacent H₂O (water) molecules can form a linkage known as a hydrogen bond when they polarize.

Chemistry Questions and Answers – Chemistry Questions Answers MCQ

• Main gas in the air we breathe – Nitrogen (around 78%).
• Acids have a pH level below 7.
• The first element on the periodic table is Hydrogen
• Center of an atom – A Nucleus
• Famous New Zealand scientist Ernest Rutherford won Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• K is the chemical symbol of Potassium
• Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom

Chemistry Questions Answers MCQ

• At room temperature, Mercury is the only metal that is in liquid form.
• A nuclear reaction where the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts is known as nuclear fission.
• A neutron has no net electric charge.
• Argon (around 1%) is the third most common gas found in the air we breathe?
• Reactants is the name given to substances that are initially involved in a chemical reaction.
• Atoms of the same chemical element that have different atomic mass are known as Isotopes.
• A proton carries a positive charge.
• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a base.
• Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe in terms of mass.

Chemistry Questions and answers with Explanation

• Horizontal rows in the periodic table are Periods.
• In the Periodic table vertical columns are called Groups.
• Alkali metals belong to Group 1 group in the periodic table.
• Alkali metals are reactive metals.
• Unreactive non-metals are Noble gases.
• Group 0 elements are Unreactive non-metals.
• The number of Electrons is equal to the number of Protons in its nucleus.
• Ions are charged particles that form when atoms Lose or gain electrons.
• The atoms in a molecule are joined together by the Covalent bond.
• Reactive metals are extracted by Electrolysis.

Chemistry General Knowledge Questions

• Father of modern chemistry – Lavoisier.
• Citric acid is present in lemon.
• Rare gases are monoatomic.
• The term PVC used in the plastic industry stands for polyvinyl chloride.
• Oil of vitriol is sulphuric acid.
• Glycerol is used in the preparation of dynamite.
• Gypsum salt is Calcium sulfate.
• The bleaching action of chlorine is by decomposition.
• Gunpowder is a mixture of potassium nitrate powdered charcoal and sulphur.
• Nail polish remover contains acetone.
• The isotope atoms differ in the number of neutrons.

Chemistry GK Questions: For more General Knowledge Click Here